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Linux Entry Tutorial

The following content is adapted from the operating system course website by jyy, with some modifications and additions. If you are using Linux for the first time, please read the tutorial carefully while trying out the commands mentioned in the tutorial.

Exploring the Command Line

The command format for Linux commands is similar:

command_name parameter1 parameter2 parameter3 ..

Parameters are separated by any number of spaces. To learn about commands, you can first read some basic concepts. Then we will introduce some commonly used commands:

• ls lists the files (or directories) under the current directory (i.e., "folder"). Directories are displayed in blue. ls -l can display detailed information.
• pwd displays the current working directory.
• cd DIR can change the directory to DIR. In Linux, each directory contains at least two special entries: . refers to the current directory itself, and .. refers to the parent directory. The root directory of the file system is /.
• touch NEWFILE can create an empty file named NEWFILE; if NEWFILE already exists, its content will not be lost.
• cp SOURCE DEST can copy the SOURCE file to DEST; if DEST is a directory, SOURCE will be copied into this directory.
• mv SOURCE DEST can rename SOURCE to DEST; if DEST is a directory, SOURCE will be moved into this directory.
• mkdir DIR can create a directory DIR.
• rm FILE can delete the FILE file; if the -r option is used, it can recursively delete a directory. Deleted files cannot be recovered, so please use with caution!
• man COMMAND can view the help for the COMMAND command. For example, man ls can view how to use the ls command. Use man and search the internet flexibly to quickly learn new commands.

The function of man is not limited to this. man can be followed by two parameters to view help for different types (please search the internet for details). For example, if you don't know how to use the standard C library function fopen, you can type man 3 fopen to view it.

贡献者

Tuntun Yuchiha

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280a9-更新《Final Summary.md》，新增关于实践的基本特征、结构、类型及其在认识中的决定作用的内容，增强理论深度与逻辑结构。